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INTRODUCTION
Manual testing is the process where a tester manually executes test cases without using any automated tools.
Java’s “write once, run anywhere” philosophy allows code to run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine.
It helps ensure that the software meets quality standards, functions correctly, and provides a good user experience.
Manual testing allows for exploratory testing, where testers can investigate and discover issues that might not be caught by predefined test cases.
It offers flexibility to adapt to changing requirements and test scenarios that might be difficult to automate.
Manual testing encompasses various approaches to ensure comprehensive quality assurance.
Testing without knowledge of the internal structure of the application. Focuses on inputs and outputs without considering how the system processes them.
Testing with knowledge of the internal structure and code of the application. Focuses on code paths, conditions, and branches.
A combination of black box and white box testing. Testers have partial knowledge of the internal workings of the application.
Testing that focuses on the functionality of the application. Verifies that each function works according to the requirements.
Testing aspects of the software that are not related to specific functions, such as performance, usability, and reliability.
Testing performed by the end-users to verify that the system meets their requirements and is ready for deployment.
Effective manual testing requires a variety of techniques to uncover different types of issues.
A hands-on approach where testers explore the application while designing and executing tests simultaneously.
A technique where testers use their experience to anticipate where errors might occur in the application.
Testing at the boundaries of valid input ranges, where errors are more likely to occur.
Dividing input data into partitions to reduce the number of test cases while maintaining coverage.
Using tables to represent combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs or actions.
Testing how the system transitions between different states in response to events or inputs.
Understanding when to use manual testing versus automated testing is crucial for an effective testing strategy.
Most successful testing strategies employ a balanced approach that leverages both manual and automated testing. The key is knowing when to use each approach:
Follow these best practices to maximize the effectiveness of your manual testing efforts.
Well-documented test plans and cases ensure comprehensive coverage and provide a reference for future testing.
Approach testing from the user’s perspective to identify usability issues and ensure a positive user experience.
Clear and detailed bug reports help developers understand and fix issues quickly.
A concise one-line description of the issue
Details about the testing environment
Numbered steps to consistently recreate the issue
What should happen and what actually happened
How critical the issue is to functionality
Screenshots, videos, or logs that demonstrate the issue
Ensure test environments closely match production to minimize environment-specific issues.
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